Forestter Blog

March 28, 2025 By: Diane McWhirter Bringing people back to nature! Raised in Hawai‘i, I’m a family steward of a sacred space in the clouds, called Kona Cloud Forest Sanctuary. When I was a teenager, my father purchased land on the West Side of Hawai’i island with the intention of reforesting it. At the time, I didn’t fully grasp the significance of what he was doing, but I felt it in the quiet moments, in the way the trees held space, in the way the land itself seemed to hum with a promise of renewal. I would wander alone through the misty forest, feeling an unspoken connection to something ancient and wise. The towering trees, the soft debris under my bare feet, the symphony of birds and rustling leaves. In those moments, the forest was my refuge. My family environment wasn’t always the healthiest. My parents, like so many, navigated their own struggles, and as they worked through their challenges, I found myself turning to nature for comfort. While some may have had a nurturing home, I leaned on more nature – the trees, the rivers, and the ocean. Where others sought the embrace of a parent, I found it in the gentle whisper of the wind, the laughter that lingered on the branches of trees, and the force of the waves that taught me how to be brave and humble. Nature didn’t judge. It simply existed, and in its presence, I felt a deep sense of love and belonging. In many ways, nature raised me. It became my greatest teacher, showing me the rhythms of life, the beauty of stillness, and the power of resilience. It was here, among the towering ʻōhiʻa that I first truly understood the power of interconnectedness between people and nature. I felt truly seen – not by people, but by the land and the ocean. And one day in a quiet solitary moment, a dream took root. I wanted others to feel what I felt. I wanted to share the peace, the belonging, the home I had discovered in this place, and the home I discovered in myself. Hawai‘i is unlike anywhere else in the world. 10 out of 14 climate zones exist on the Island of Hawaiʻi. Our islands, born of fire and shaped by time, hold extraordinary diversity. The Big Island alone rises from sea level to nearly 14,000 feet, a landscape sculpted by five volcanoes, from the vast lava fields of Maunaloa to the living, breathing energy of Kīlauea. We are surrounded by approximately 320 miles of coastline, where the ocean plunges into deep-sea ecosystems just miles offshore. And here, in the embrace of the cloud forest, life thrives in a way that feels both untamed and deeply intentional. This land is a sanctuary, not just for the rare and endemic species that call it home, but for the people who step into it. I see it in the faces of those who visit—the way their shoulders relax, their breath softens, their heart opens as they take in the towering trees and the ethereal mist floating through the canopy. I see people arrive burdened with the weight of the world and leave lighter, more connected, more themselves. Nature reminds us of who we are. It strips away the noise, the distractions, the expectations, and brings us back to something essential, something we often forget in the busyness of life. It heals not by fixing what is broken, but by reminding us that we were never truly separate from it to begin with. I hope these words inspire you to slow down enough to notice the subtle things and experience the profound embrace of nature – the quiet love that asks for nothing but gives everything. No matter where you are in the world, make it part of your health plan to be in nature, and rediscover the joy and wonder of your inner child. The part of you that was always rooted in simplicity and truth. For more forest wisdom and facts, we invite you to follow Kona Cloud Forest Sanctuary on LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube LinkedIn Instagram Facebook

Understanding Reforestation What is reforestation? Are there different methods? What costs and benefits are involved? In this blog, we will break it down, share what we have observed and learned, and address some of the most common questions we’ve received over the years. A Legacy of Conservation The Kona Cloud Forest Sanctuary was founded in 1982 by Norman Bezona, a passionate forest advocate and my grandfather. Throughout the 1900s, during his global explorations of forest ecosystems, tropical agriculture, and human cultures, Norman observed alarming rates of deforestation worldwide, including in his homeland of Hawaii. Witnessing the rapid destruction of forests deeply affected him, leading to his lifelong commitment to conservation. The History of Deforestation in Hawai’i Hawai‘i’s native ecosystems have been influenced by human impact since the first voyagers arrived, with deforestation intensifying after Western explorers and settlers reached the islands in the late 1700s. In 1793, Captain George Vancouver gifted cattle to King Kamehameha I to provide a sustainable food source and bolster the local economy. To protect the growing herds, a kapu (taboo) was placed on killing the cattle, allowing their numbers to multiply. However, as the cattle population expanded, overgrazing and habitat destruction followed, leading to widespread ecological change. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, ranchers introduced non-native grasses such as Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) and molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora) to improve cattle forage. While intended to enhance pasture quality, these fast-spreading grasses quickly became invasive, outcompeting native vegetation and fundamentally altering Hawaii’s landscape. The expansion of sugarcane and pineapple plantations during this period further contributed to deforestation. The Island of Hawaii, in particular, experienced some of the most severe impacts. Lowland forests of endemic trees like koa, ʻōhiʻa lehua, and sandalwood were systematically logged and cleared. Ranching operations transformed large swaths of land into pasture, leading to habitat loss and the encroachment of invasive species. Challenges in the Kaloko Mauka Cloud Forest In the mid-1900s, Kaloko Mauka, the high-elevation region of the Kaloko ahupuaʻa where the Kona Cloud Forest Sanctuary is located, faced significant deforestation. As the area was subdivided into agricultural plots, new landowners often cleared their properties without ecological consideration—a practice that unfortunately continues today. Concerned by these developments, Norman initiated community workshops to educate residents about the importance of this Hawai’i cloud forest ecosystem and the delicate balance between forest health, climate stability, and the water cycle connecting the mountain to the ocean, and everything in between. These educational efforts have become a cornerstone of our mission, emphasizing the role of trees in maintaining climate stability, supporting cloud formation, and replenishing the aquifer that supplies water to West Hawaii. The Promise of Hybrid Reforestation Despite these challenges, there is hope. By the turn of the millennium, previously deforested ranch land within the Sanctuary had transformed into a lush, biodiverse ecosystem. This success was achieved through hybrid reforestation, which involves planting both native and non-invasive introduced species. Why Not Exclusively Native Plants? A common question we encounter is: Why not focus solely on planting native species? The answer is multifaceted: Hybrid reforestation addresses these challenges by utilizing available non-invasive species to establish initial forest cover. This approach stabilizes the climate, supports the water cycle, and provides habitat, allowing native species more space and time to recover naturally. Supporting Evidence: Case Studies from Hawaii Several case studies illustrate the benefits of hybrid reforestation in Hawaii: 1. Hawaiian Legacy Reforestation Initiative (HLRI) 2. Auwahi Dryland Forest Restoration Project 3. Pālamanui Dry Forest Preserve Ongoing Restoration Efforts Once a stable hybrid forest system is established, ongoing efforts can focus on increasing native species diversity, especially as more native plants become available. Collecting seeds from local populations further supports this process, ensuring that reforestation efforts are ecologically appropriate and sustainable. In conclusion, while the ideal scenario would involve exclusively native forests, practical considerations often necessitate a hybrid approach. By integrating non-invasive introduced species into reforestation efforts, we can accelerate ecosystem recovery, restore degraded landscapes, and support Hawaii’s native biodiversity. One thing is certain: Having trees is always better than having no trees at all. We need forests to survive! Let’s find ways to help our forests thrive and preserve the unique biodiversity they contain in Hawaii and around the world. With Aloha, Andrew McWhirter 4th Generation Family Steward

Hawaii is more than just a paradise of sandy beaches and lush landscapes. It’s a unique ecosystem, home to diverse flora and fauna found nowhere else in the world. However, Hawaii’s natural beauty is fragile, and the need for sustainability has never been more critical. Enter the people of Hawaii’s sustainability educators—the guardians of the ‘Āina (land), who are preserving both the environment and cultural heritage. These educators not only teach the importance of living sustainably but also connect people with the land, emphasizing the sacred bond between humans and nature. In this article, we’ll dive deep into why we appreciate Hawaii’s sustainability educators and the crucial role they play. Understanding the Concept of ‘Āina (Hawaiian Land Ethic) In Hawaiian culture, the land—known as ‘Āina—is more than just a resource. It’s a living, breathing entity that sustains life. The word ‘Āina translates to “that which feeds,” and it highlights the profound connection between the people and their environment. Unlike the more industrialized notion of land ownership, Hawaiians see themselves as stewards of the land. They believe that caring for the land means caring for future generations. This ethic is deeply embedded in sustainability efforts today, thanks to the work of dedicated educators who keep this tradition alive. The Role of Sustainability Educators in Hawaii Sustainability educators are on the front lines of the environmental movement in Hawaii. They are the ones who bridge the gap between traditional wisdom and modern environmental science. Whether they’re teaching in classrooms, leading community workshops, or organizing volunteer activities, these educators are essential in spreading awareness about the importance of sustainability. They focus on protecting natural resources, promoting renewable energy, and reducing waste, all while preserving Hawaii’s unique cultural practices. The Importance of Environmental Education in Hawaii Why is environmental education so vital in Hawaii? The islands are in a vulnerable position due to their isolation, making them especially susceptible to issues like climate change and resource depletion. Educating the public—especially younger generations—about environmental stewardship is key to ensuring Hawaii remains beautiful and sustainable for years to come. Through hands-on learning experiences, students and community members alike gain a deeper understanding of how their actions affect the environment. Challenges Faced by Hawaii’s Environment Hawaii faces numerous environmental challenges, some of which threaten the islands’ very existence. Climate change, rising sea levels, invasive species, and the environmental impact of tourism are among the most pressing issues. Sustainability educators play a crucial role in addressing these challenges by providing knowledge and tools to combat them. They work tirelessly to foster a sense of responsibility among both locals and tourists to ensure the islands’ long-term health. Incorporating Hawaiian Culture into Sustainability Efforts A key aspect of sustainability education in Hawaii is the integration of traditional Hawaiian knowledge, or “ike,” into modern practices. Ancient Hawaiians were masters of sustainable living, practicing methods like fishpond farming and rotational farming (ahupua’a system) that kept resources balanced. Today’s educators incorporate these practices into their teachings to not only preserve cultural heritage but also demonstrate that these methods are still effective. The Intersection of Tourism and Sustainability Education Tourism is both a blessing and a curse for Hawaii. While it brings in revenue, it also puts immense pressure on natural resources. Hawaii’s sustainability educators work closely with the tourism industry to promote responsible practices. Through eco-tours, educational programs, and partnerships with hotels and travel companies, these educators spread the message of sustainability to visitors. Tourists are encouraged to respect the land, reduce waste, and support local, eco-friendly businesses. Community Involvement in Sustainability Initiatives Sustainability education isn’t just for the classroom. Community involvement is a cornerstone of these efforts. From local beach cleanups to reforestation projects, sustainability educators engage communities in hands-on activities that make a direct impact. They emphasize that sustainability is a collective responsibility and that everyone has a role to play, from locals to visitors. Community-based initiatives not only improve the environment but also strengthen cultural ties. Case Studies: Inspirational Sustainability Educators in Hawaii There are countless individuals who have made a lasting impact on Hawaii’s sustainability landscape. Take, for example, kumu (teacher) Lehua Kamalu, who uses traditional voyaging to teach sustainability, or Dr. Haunani Kane, a native Hawaiian climate scientist who educates about rising sea levels. These educators lead by example, showing how traditional knowledge and scientific expertise can come together for the greater good of the islands. Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Sustainability doesn’t stop at conservation—it extends to food systems as well. In Hawaii, educators promote local, sustainable farming practices that reduce reliance on imported goods. By teaching techniques like organic farming and permaculture, they ensure that communities can feed themselves in an environmentally responsible way. This not only supports the environment but also boosts local economies. Marine Conservation and the Role of Educators Hawaii’s rich marine ecosystems are just as vulnerable as its land-based ecosystems. Coral reefs are under threat from warming waters, pollution, and overfishing. Sustainability educators play a crucial role in promoting marine conservation. They teach students and communities about the delicate balance of marine life and encourage practices like sustainable fishing, reef protection, and reducing plastic waste. Building a Sustainable Future Through Education The work of sustainability educators isn’t just about solving today’s problems—it’s about building a better future. By educating the next generation, these individuals are ensuring that Hawaii’s environmental and cultural legacy endures. Their teachings instill values of respect, responsibility, and reverence for the land, ensuring that future leaders are prepared to face environmental challenges head-on. How Sustainability Education Addresses Climate Change Climate change is one of the biggest threats to Hawaii, with rising temperatures and sea levels already causing noticeable impacts. Sustainability educators are at the forefront of this battle, educating communities about mitigation and adaptation strategies. They focus on reducing carbon footprints, promoting renewable energy, and encouraging lifestyle changes that lessen environmental impact. Incorporating Modern Technology in Sustainability Efforts While traditional knowledge is invaluable, modern technology also plays a critical role in sustainability efforts. From renewable energy systems